With the increasing trend of crime rate and limitations of formal criminal JUSTICE system in controlling crime, development of new scientific strategies for enhancing effectiveness of criminal JUSTICE programs and policies has been unavoidable. The main question which should be addressed by the criminal JUSTICE management is that what is the role of scientific findings and knowledge management in shaping and leading of criminal JUSTICE interventions?Reaching to an effective and efficient criminal JUSTICE system requires deep and comprehensive understanding of criminal JUSTICE challenges; basic knowledge about theoretical and philosophical aspects of criminal JUSTICE in the cultural and social content of Iran, enhancing skills of the criminal JUSTICE practitioners and authorities in planning indigenized model of criminal JUSTICE interventions; and also producing knowledge and information for evaluating results and process of criminal JUSTICE interventions. Poor planning and faulty problem analysis are the primary reasons that stop many criminal JUSTICE intervention fail to live up to their promise.

Introduction: Arbitration has a contractual nature and is subject to the sovereignty of the will of the parties, but in some cases, the legislator imposed the referral of claims to arbitration on the will of the parties and caused the contractual nature of the arbitration clause to disappear or be limited. By doing this, he has placed the arbitration outside the will of the parties. This issue causes some moral conflicts in the discussion of compulsory arbitration. Therefore, this research has been done with the purpose of examining the position of compulsory arbitration in Iran's legal system and the ethical challenges in it with a descriptive-analytical approach. Material and Methods: The research was a review method, in order to achieve the goal of the research, in addition to electronic education books and virtual education in this field, articles related to the research keywords from 2004 to 2022 from the databases of Civilica, Magiran, Sid, Researchgate, Science direct, was reviewed Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that compulsory arbitration in Iran has ethical challenges in the field of implementation and interpretation, the most important of which is the issue of the right to action and judicial JUSTICE. In the context of ambiguities in mandatory arbitration, even if the method of arbitration becomes ambiguous, the arbitrator has the duty to find out the will of the legislator with the principles and rules of interpretation, which creates a moral conflict for the arbitrator.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between STOCKHOLDERS' attitude and Islamic financing acceptance in Tehran's Stock Exchange. Islamic financing refers to providing capital, services and tools that are based on Islamic laws and regulations. Today, Islamic financing has emerged as a new source of economic growth, but in industries and businesses other methods are mostly used for financing. This research is of applied type as well as a correlation study. The population includes 410 shareholders of Tehran Stock Exchange which were selected though random sampling. The structural equation modeling and LISREL software have been used to test the hypothesis. The results show that the attitude of the shareholders to accept Islamic finance is positive. But their religious opinions were not significantly affecting their attitudes. Also, knowledge and awareness, cost benefits and business support affected the stakeholders' attitude to Islamic financing.

Atriplex spp. (Atriplex canescens, A. lentiformis and A. halimus) plantation has been extensively used in order to reclaim rangeland in Iran in the past decades. However, the impacts of this technique has been a controversial issue and due to its increasing adoption, it is important to investigate its impacts in reclamation of degraded rangelands. The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of STOCKHOLDERS in two winter rangelands in Golestan Province. First, the investigation factors were determined and then, using content analysis method, a questionnaire containing quintuple Likert, nominal and ordinal scale items as well as some open items was prepared and completed by STOCKHOLDERS. The number of samples was determined by Cochran formula. Data were analyzed through SPSS using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test. The results revealed that the rangelands, livestock and forage production of Atriplex spp. play important roles in the life and livelihood of STOCKHOLDERS of both studied areas. Considering all investigated items, in majority of cases the desirable effects of Atriplex spp. plantation was dominant in the viewpoints of Ghareh-Doung STOCKHOLDERS. The results indicated that despite some differences, the STOCKHOLDERS are satisfied with Atriplex spp. plantation in the two studied areas. More investigation on the effects of Atriplex spp. on the dairy and meat production was proposed.

HBP is the leading preventable cause of illness and premature death worldwide. It is easily diagnosed and can be controlled with relatively simple interventions. Yet, it is often unrecognized. When diagnosed, it requires life-long management and patients may be unaware of the need for continuous monitoring and adherence to treatment, which can be difficult to achieve. Moreover, while diagnosis and initiation of medication usually takes place in primary care, its management involves all levels of the health system, with referral to specialists if certain complications arise. The present study is being undertaken to understand the awareness level of HBP due to the food habits and other related issues. For the purpose of the study, the investor communities have been included and this study will be one of its kinds in recent times. The findings concluded that for most of the STOCKHOLDERS in the urban and sub-urban areas male and female awareness levels of HBP due to the lifestyle and awareness level of HBP symptoms were very low. However, the awareness level related to HBP and its impact on health-related issues is better for males and females in urban and male respondents of sub-urban areas, but female respondents in semi-urban areas are having very limited knowledge of HBP and its implications.  The present study will help to create awareness level of HBP and its impact on health related issues in general and help to develop HBP free healthy world.

Objective: One of the main concerns of the market regulators is the prediction of the effects of these new strategies on the market due to the heterogeneity of the agents, rational boundary and behavioral factors in the investors’ decision making. The Iranian stock market has always been fluctuating; therefore, awareness of the effects of strategies before they are implementedwill help regulators to market more effectively. The main objective of this research is to create an artificial market according to the Iranian stock market so that different scenarios can be simulated. Methods: One of these emerging areas, which emphasizes the impact of social sciences, cognitive sciences and behavioral sciences on operational research, is "Behavioral Operations Research" that helps us solve real-world problems. In this research, considering modeling based onagent-based capabilities, shareholders’ capabilities, bonds including different types of stocks and risk-free papers, and trading rules. Results: In this artificial market in each trading period, in accordance with the trading strategy and learning procedures, the agents intendto buy and sell. Eventually they worked as the market makers, in accordance with the auction mechanism, and began to execute orders and perform clearing and settlement operations. In order to examine the validity of the model, the statistical output of this market wasadapted to the statistical characteristics of the financial markets and, after validating the model with the scenario, simulation of the research questions were done. In this research, the scenarios for eliminating the range of price fluctuations and elimination of the informed stakeholders and their effects on stock prices were reviewed. Conclusion: According to the simulated scenarios of the Iranian stock market, due to its immature nature, eliminating controlling mechanisms such as the range of price fluctuations, in the short term the Market willbe highly instable, but in the long run the market tends to be more efficient.

Nowadays bio-agriculture as an alternative to conventional agriculture with decreasing environmental Nowadays bio-agriculture as an alternative to conventional agriculture with decreasing environmental hazards is one of the solutions to. reduce environmental problems and Community health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the differentiation of STOCKHOLDERS of a conventional and bio-agricultural system in Alborz province. The statistical population of this research consisted of all farmers in Alborz province (N=8312) which selected by proportional stratified random sampling method and 148 farmers (103traditionaaal farmers and 45 biofarmers) were selected as a sample. Data were collected by a questionnaire including demographic and economic that validity of it was obtained by a panel of experts. The results showed that the majority of biological farmers were urban residents and younger in comparison with conventional farmers. Also, all of the biological farmers were literate. The results of t-test showed that there was a significant difference between two groups of biological and conventional farmers regarding age, education level, cultivated area, income level, and agricultural experience. The results of the discriminant analysis showed that the age and cultivated area respectively were the most important in differentiating between the biological farmers and the conventional farmers. Therefore, encouraging rural youth and carrying out agricultural activities by them should be taken into consideration.

Review of theories and approaches relevant to urban development in the last hundred years is not indicative of the stakeholders and influential participation in the development of the city. Hence, in order to fix this problem, you need to plan and design the development system will relieve of any planning gaps. One of the plans for the development of a city or urban area is essential and influential stakeholders' participation in urban development is interdependent, city strategic development approach. Characteristics of the approach by clarifying the notion CDS implies that stakeholders and influential role in the development of the urban area of the city or town is trying to develop all unilaterally. Accordingly, the use of theoretical research on the topic and influential stakeholder participation in district 22 of Tehran Municipality Urban Development Strategy is examined within the framework approach. In the framework of the research approach, four items; environmental, social, economic and administrative stakeholders and influential of participation to the field have been analyzed in this study. Applied research and to collect the required data and a survey questionnaire was used for data analysis from SPSS software. The results indicate that the stakeholders and influential participation in the formation and development of area 22 zone developments in recent years, a growing desire for investing economy (mean 3.15) in the region is high. But because of social ignorance and lack of trust between government agencies and citizens, stakeholders and influential in the area of social interest (mean 2.82) is low. Participation in the environmental and management item the averages are 3.09 and 3.00. The total average rating of 3.00 is out of stakeholders and influential participation. Therefore, it is recommended that before any act of economic, social, in the region 22, the contexts to promote stakeholder and influential participation is in the region. This paper argues that the approach of urban planning in the city development strategy with emphasis on stakeholder and influential participation in all aspects of development should be pushed.

There has been an attempt, during this research, to study the relationship between the factors of cash flow statement with the shareholders' interests. To this end, the data of 73 companies out of the ones listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were selected through systematic sampling. In addition to panel data analysis and multivariate regression model for the fiscal years 2005 to 2015, the correlation test was run between 8 of cash flow statement factors and the shareholders' interests through synthetic and analytic models. Findings reveal that out of the eight factors, the net cash fluctuations during the year and the net cash flow from financing activities demonstrated no significant correlation. Results also showed that there is a positive correlation between the three indices of net cash flow from investing activities, cash outflow from investing activities, and cash out flow from financing activities on the one hand, and achievable benefit for the investors on the other. However, there is a negative correlation between the cash flow from operating activities, cash inflow from investing activities, and cash inflow from financing activities on the one hand and shareholders’ interests on the other.